Profesionalisme Konseling dalam Perspektif Multikultural di Indonesia: Tinjauan Sistematis tentang Kompetensi, Etika, Praktik, dan Identitas Profesional
Keywords:
Counseling professionalism, Multicultural counseling, Multicultural competence, Counselor ethics, Counselor professional identity
Abstract
Indonesia’s cultural, linguistic, religious, and social diversity requires counselors to develop a form of professionalism that extends beyond technical counseling skills to encompass cultural sensitivity, ethical responsibility, culturally responsive practice, and a reflective professional identity. However, research addressing these dimensions remains fragmented and insufficiently integrated. This study aimed to map the characteristics of the literature, synthesize findings on multicultural counseling professionalism, and identify evidence gaps and priorities for its further development in Indonesia. A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were performed in OpenAlex and Semantic Scholar and supplemented by citation searching. The working corpus comprised 91 publications published between 2020 and 2026. Data were extracted using a structured framework and analyzed through narrative and thematic synthesis. Methodological quality was appraised using the 2018 Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for empirical studies with designs appropriate to the tool. The literature identified multicultural competence as the most prominent dimension, particularly counselors’ self-awareness, knowledge of clients’ cultural contexts, and culturally responsive skills. In contrast, professional ethics, culturally responsive counseling practice, and professional identity were not consistently examined in an integrated manner. Several publications highlighted the use of local wisdom and the adaptation of international theoretical frameworks, although the strength of the supporting evidence varied according to study design and reporting completeness. Key evidence gaps included limited evaluations of intervention effectiveness, insufficient use of multiple assessment sources, and the inadequate integration of multicultural perspectives into counselor education and supervision. Overall, multicultural counseling professionalism in Indonesia is developing conceptually, but the available empirical evidence remains insufficient to support definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of counseling practices or counselors’ overall levels of competence. These findings underscore the need to strengthen cultural reflexivity, case-based supervision, multisource competency assessment, and ethical guidance for digital counseling within counselor education and professional practice. The integration of local wisdom into counseling should also be approached critically, with due regard for clients’ autonomy, confidentiality, and individual experiences.
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Published
2026-11-12
How to Cite
Ginting, R. L., Violina, E. I., & Astuti, B. (2026). Profesionalisme Konseling dalam Perspektif Multikultural di Indonesia: Tinjauan Sistematis tentang Kompetensi, Etika, Praktik, dan Identitas Profesional. JAMBURA Guidance and Counseling Journal, 7(2), 191-217. https://doi.org/10.37411/jgcj.v7i2.5198
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Copyright (c) 2026 Rafael Lisinus Ginting, Erwita Ika Violina, Budi Astuti
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